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EXPLORATORY LATIN
EXAM SYLLABUS TERMS
ANIMALS
Definition:
Derivatives:
1. AVIS
bird
aviary, aviator
2. CANIS
dog
canine,
cave canem!
(beware of dog!)
3. EQUUS
horse
equestrian, equine
4. FELES
cat
feline
5. LEŌ/LEŌNĒS
lion
Leo
(zodiac)
leonine
6.
LUPUS wolf
lupine
7. MŪS/MŪRĒS
mouse
murine, muriform
8. PĀPILIŌ
butterfly
Papillon
(dog)
PĀPILIŌNĒS
9. PISCIS
fish
Pisces
(zodiac)
10. PORCUS
pig
porcine, pork
11. RANA
frog
Rana, ranarium,
12.
SERPENS snake
serpentine, serpent
SERPENTĒS
13. SIMIUS
monkey
simian
14. TAURUS
bull
Taurus (zodiac)
15. URSUS
bear
Ursa Major and Minor
16. VACCA
cow
vaccine, vaccination
BODY PARTS
Definition:
Derivatives:
1. AURIS
ear
aural (sense)
2. BRACCHIUM
arm
bracelet
3. CAPUT/CAPITA head
capitol, capital, capital (punishment)
4. COLLUM
neck
collar
5. COMA
hair
comate (hairy),
comet
6. CORPUS/CORPORA body
corporal (punishment),
corpse
7. CRŪS/CRŪRA
leg
crural (injury)
8. CUBITUM
elbow
cubit (unit of measure)
9. DENS/DENTES
tooth
dentist, denture
10. DIGITUS
finger/toe
digital, digits
11. GENŪ
knee
genuflect, genuflection
12. HUMERUS
shoulder
humeral
(injury)
13. LINGUA
tongue
language, linguist, bi-lingual
14. MANUS
hand
manual, manufacture
15. NASUS
nose
nasal
16. OCULUS
eye
binoculars, oculist
17. OS/ORA
mouth
oral, orifice, orally
18. PES/PEDĒS
foot
pedal, pedestrian
19. POLLEX/POLLICĒS thumb
pollex (unchanged)pollice
verso
(with the thumb turned)
20. TERGUM
back
tergal, tergifersate, tergum
COLORS
(masc, fem,
neuter)
Definition:
Derivatives:
1. ALBUS, A,
UM white
albino
2. ATER, ATRA, ATRUM
black
atramentum (=ink in Latin)
3. CAERULEUS, A,
UM blue
caerulean (sea blue)
4. FLAMMEUS, A,
UM orange
flame, flammable
5. FLAVUS, A,
UM
yellow
flavescent, flavo- (in chemistry)
6. PRASINUS, A,
UM green
Prasini (greens chariot team)
7. PURPUREUS, A,
UM purple
purple
8. RUBER, RUBRA,
RUBRUM red
ruby
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
1. DORIC
simple capital style; strong looking; little
ornamentation(1st level Colosseum)
2. IONIC
more elaborate than doric; has volutes on the
capitals (2nd level Colosseum)
3. CORINTHIAN most
ornate capital style; features leaves; delicate looking(upper
level Colosseum)
4. PAN THEON temple
in Rome dedicated
to ALL GODS; features a domed roof with oculus
all gods
5. TEMPLE (TEMPLUM)
place where gods were worshipped
6. THEATER (THEATRUM)
semi-circular-built into hill-side; plays
took place there
7. ARCH
building technique; opens up solid walls;
carries the load down to the ground
8. AQUE DUCT
structure that carries water into the cities and
towns through the mountains
water leads
9. DOME
rounded roof: Pantheon, Nero’s Golden House are
examples of this.
10. FRESCO
painting done in wet plaster.
This method has preserved paintings for many centuries.
11. MOSAIC
flat tiles used to
create a design or picture. Always used for floors by ancient Romans
ENTERTAINMENT -
must look below for expanded syllabus for the 2007 ELE Subtest
1. CIRCUS
MAXIMUS
race
track of Rome; chariot races took place there; held 250,000 people
had spina in middle with statuary and counters of eggs & dolphins on ends
2. CHARIOTEER
(auriga)
driver of a chariot
3.
COLOSSEUM
named for the giant
statue of Nero, left from the ruins of his once magnificent palace and
gardens. Built on site of Nero’s artificial lake; homes of Romans were
there before the great fire of 64, when Nero let
Rome burn and replaced homes
with his own palace. Real name:
Flavian Amphitheater.
An example of an amphi-theater (double theater – 2 semi-circles); built for
gladiatorial combats and public executions.
4. GLADIATOR
armed fighter trained to fight to death in the
arena for public entertainment.
5. THEATER(THEATRUM)
semi-circular built into hillside for plays.
Plays always during the day; all
parts performed by men.
6. THERMAE
public bath houses of
Rome. Contained library,
gymnasium, hot pool, cold pool, tepid pool, changing
rooms, etc. They were like country clubs of today.
CLASSROOM ITEMS
1. CHARTA
paper
or map
chart
2. TABULA
wax
tablet/chalk board
tablet
3. STĪLUS
pointed writing utensil/pencil
stylus
4. SELLA
chair
5. MĒNSA
table
/desk
mesa
6. FENESTRA
window
defenestrate
7. IANUA
door
janitor, January, Janus
8. LIBER/LIBRĪ
book(s)
library
9. LATRĪNA
bathroom
latrine
10. NŌMEN/NŌMINA
name
nominate, nomination
11. MAGISTER/MAGISTRĪ
teacher male
magistrate, mister, master
12.
MAGISTRA/AE teacher female
magistrate, mister, master
13.
DISCIPULA student
female
disciple,
discipline
14.
DISCIPULUS student male
disciple, discipline
15.
PUELLA girl
16.
PUER boy
puerile
FAMILY MEMBERS
1. MĀTER/MĀTRĒS
mother
matricide, maternal, maternity
2. PĀTER/PĀTRĒS
father
patricide, paternal, paternity
3. FĪLIA
daughter
filial
4. FĪLIUS
son
filial
5.
SOROR sister
sorority, sororicide, sororal
6. FRĀTER/FRĀTRĒS
brother
fraternity, fratricide, fraternal
7. AVIA
grandmother
8.
AVUS
grandfather
9. MATERTERA
aunt on mom’s side
10.
AVUNCULUS uncle on mom’s side
avuncular
11. AMITA
aunt on father’s side
12. PATRUUS
uncle on father’s side
13. INFANS/INFANTĒS
baby, young child
infant, infantile, infanticide
HOUSING (TYPES
OF HOUSES AND ROOMS OF THE HOUSE )
1.
DOMUS house, home
domestic, domicile
2. INSULA
apartment building
insulate, isolate, insular
3.
VILLA house on the
countryside
villa, village,
villain
4.
ATRIUM entry hall, reception
room atrium
(unchanged Latin)
5. CUBICULUM
bedroom
cubicle
6. PERISTYLIUM
colonnaded outdoor
living area; like a family room; center of Roman family life
7. TRI
CLINIUM dining room
3 couches
in dining room around the table
tri=3; clino= to recline
on which Romans reclined while they ate
CLOTHING
1.
STOLA
long, outer garment
worn by women over a tunica
2.
TOGA
long, formal garment
worn by Roman male citizens; symbol of Roman
citizenship;
not worn by women,
foreigners or slaves
3.
TUNICA
informal garment worn by
ALL persons in
Rome (like a long t-shirt)
MEALS
1. IENTACULUM
breakfast
2. PRANDIUM
lunch
prandial
3.
CENA dinner
cenacle
NATURE
1.
AQUA water
aquarium, aquatic
2.
ARBOR tree
arboretum, Arbor Day
3.
CAELUM sky, heaven
ceiling
4. FLŌS/FLŌRĒS
flower
floral
5. FLŪMEN/FLŪMINA
river
flume
6.
HERBA grass
herbal, herbs
7.
LUNA moon
lunar, lunate
8.
MARE sea
Mare Nostrum, maria (on the moon)
9. MŌNS/MŌNTĒS
mountain
mountainous
10.
RIVUS stream
rivulet, river
11.
SŌL sun
solar
12.
STELLA star
stellar, constellation
13.
TERRA land, earth
terrain, subterranean
HISTORY See
Addendum below for the 2008 "Famous Men of Rome" subtest Syllabus
1. ROMULUS/REMUS
twin brothers; founders of
Rome
2. JULIUS
CAESAR
dictator and general; writer;
death brings about end of Republic
3.
AUGUSTUS
1st
emperor of Rome, grandnephew of C. Caesar, then adopted
4. APRIL 21, 753
BC
founding date of
Rome by Romulus and Remus
5. MARCH 15, 44
BC
assassination date of Julius Caesar
(Ides of March)
GEOGRAPHY
______________________________________________
1. ITALY
(Italia)boot-shaped
peninsula in
Europe; surrounded by Mediterranean sea
2. GREECE
(Graecia)European
country and islands of
Mediterranean east of Italy;
Aegean sea is to the east and south
3. SICILY
(Sicilia)triangular
(football) shaped island at the toe of
Italy; Mt. Aetna is located
there.
4. MEDITERRANEAN
SEA- (Mare Mediterraneum)sea
which surrounds
Roman Empire;
means
“sea in the middle of the lands”
5. ROME
(Roma)
capitol
of Italy, located
½ way down the west coast of Italy
6. TIBER RIVER
(Flumen Tiberis)
River located in
Rome
7. PALATINE HILL
(Mons
Palatinus)hill where
palaces were located; hill of Romulus’ oracle
8. FORUM
(Forum Romanum)center of Roman activity;
located here are: shops, temples, bath houses, speaker’s platform (Rostra),
Senate House, Law Courts, public gathering places
9. MT. VESUVIUS
(Mons
Vesuvianus) Volcano
located near Pompeii; south of Rome in the Campania Region; Spartacus and
his rebel army hid in the hills of Vesuvius when running from the Roman
army.
ABBREVIATIONS
1. A.M. (ANTE MERI-
DIEM) =
before middle day = before
noon
before meri=middle diem = day
2. P.M. (POST MERI-DIEM)
=after middle day = after
noon
after middle diem = day
3. E.G. (EXEMPLĪ
GRATIĀ) =
for example
of example for the sake of
4. ETC. (ET
CETERA) =
and
the rest, and so on
and
the rest
LATIN PHRASES
1. AD
INFINITUM
= forever, to infinity
to infinity
2. AD
NAUSEAM =
to the point
of disgust/sickness
to
sickness
3. CARPE
DIEM =
seize the day,
take the opportunity
seize the day
4. CAVE
CANEM =
beware of the dog!
beware the dog
5. CAVEAT
EMPTOR =
may the buyer beware
(be careful when you buy)
let beware the buyer
6. E
PLURIBUS UNUM =
one out of many
out
of many one
7.
FINIS =
the end, finish
8. LABOR OMNIA
VINCIT =
work overcomes all things
work all things conquers
9. SEMPER FIDELIS
=
always faithful (motto of the
U.S. Marine
Corps)
always faithful
10. TEMPUS
FUGIT =
time flies (time passes quickly)
time flees
11. TERRA
FIRMA =
solid, dry ground
earth firm
LATIN QUESTION
WORDS AND RESPONSES
1. QUOT…?
how many, how much
quota, quotient
2. UBI…?
where, when
semper ubi
sub ubi
3. QUIS…?
who?
4. QUID…?
what?
quiddity
5. QUID AGIS?
what are you doing?, how are you?, what’s up?
RESPONSES/Latin
Sayings
1. GRATIAS TIBI
AGO!
thank you!
thanks to you I lead
2. ITA VERO!
yes,
yes, indeed!
verify (make real)
3. MINIME!
no!
minimize
4. OPTIME!
great! the best!
optimize
5. BENE!
well!
benefactor
6. MALE!
badly!
malignant, malign
GREETINGS
(singular/plural)
1. SALVĒ/SALVĒTE
hello!
salvation, salve
2. VALĒ/VALĒTE
goodbye
convalescence, valiant
CLASSROOM
COMMANDS (singular/plural)
1. AMBULĀ/AMBULĀTE
walk
amble, ambulance, ambulatory
2. AUDĪ/AUDĪTE
hear, listen to
audition, auditory
3. CONSIDE/CONSIDITE
sit down
3. DEMONSTRĀ/DEMONSTRĀTE
show, point out demonstration
4. LEGE/LEGITE
read
legible, illegible
5. PLAUDE/PLAUDITE
clap
applause, laudatory, laud
6. PORTĀ/PORTĀTE
carry
portable, porter, deport
7. REPETE/REPITITE
repeat
repetition, repetitive
8. SCRĪBE/SCRĪBITE
write
scribble, scribe, scripture
9. SEDĒ/SEDĒTE
sit
sedentary
10. SURGE/SURGITE
rise, get up
surge, resurgent
11. TACĒ/TACĒTE
be quiet
tacit, taciturn, tacitly
12. TANGE/TANGITE
touch
tangible, tangent
ROMAN NUMERALS
Rules: when counting Roman numerals, subtract a
lower number if it’s on the left; add a lower number if it’s on the right.
e.g. IX =
9, BUT XI = 10
It’s generally
incorrect to use more than three of the same number in a row.
You may never
subtract than one number on the left.
I
one 1
V
five 5
X
ten 10
L
fifty 50
C
one-hundred 100 centum
century, centipede, centennial
D
five-hundred 500
demi-(1/2)
M
one-thousand 1000 mille
millisecond, millenium, millipede
CARDINAL
NUMERALS (Counting numbers)
Masculine,
feminine, neuter
1. UNUS, A,
UM one
unify, unicorn, unicycle
2. DUO, DUAE,
DUO two
duo, dual, duality
3. TRĒS, TRĒS, TRIA
three
triplets, triangle
4.
QUATTUOR
four
quadrant, quadruplets
5.
QUINQUE five
quintuplets, cinque, cinquain (poetry)
6.
SEX six
sextuplets, sexagenarian (person in
60’s)
7.
SEPTEM seven
September, septuplets, septuagenarian
8. OCTO
eight
October, octuplets, octopus, octagon,
octogenarian
9. NOVEM
nine
November, novina
10. DECEM
ten
December, decimeter, decade
11. CENTUM
one-hundred
centipede, centennial, cent, per cent
12. MĪLLE
one-thousand
millipede, millenium, millisecond
ORDINAL NUMERALS
(ranking numbers)
1. PRĪMUS, A,
UM first
prime, primal, primate
2. SECUNDUS, A,
UM second
secondary
3. TERTIUS, A,
UM third
tertiary
4. QUARTUS, A,
UM fourth
quart, quarter
5. QUINTUS, A,
UM fifth
quintuplets
6. SEXTUS, A,
UM sixth
sextuplets
7. SEPTIMUS, A,
UM seventh
septuplets
8. OCTĀVUS, A,
UM eighth
Octavius (name of Augustus)
9. NŌNUS, A,
UM ninth
nonagenarian, nonagon
10. DECIMUS, A,
UM tenth
decimal,
decimate (kill every 10th man)
TIME WORDS
1.
HORA hour
horary
2.
MENSIS month
menstrual, menstruation
3.
ANNUS year
annual, bi-cent-ENNIAL
4. DIĒS
day
daily
5. NOX/NOCTĒS
night
nocturnal, nocturne
MYTHOLOGY
(Roman gods)
1. APOLLO
Apollo
sun, healing, music, prophecy,
light
2. BACCHUS
Dionysus wine and the vine
bacchic, bacchantes, bacchanal, baccalaureate
3. CERES
Demeter harvest and grain cereal
4. CUPID
Eros erotic love
erotic
5. DIANA
Artemis hunt and newborn animals
6. JANUS
2-faced god of beginnings and ends
January, janitor
7. JUNO
Hera
queen of gods; marriage and
childbirth
8.
JUPITER/Jove-Zeus king of gods;
storms
jovial
9. MARS
Ares war
martian, martial
(law)
10. MERCURY Hermes
messenger, caduceus
mercurial,
mercury; hermetically
11. MINERVA Athena
weaving, war, wisdom
12. NEPTUNE Poseidon
sea, tidal waves, earthquakes
13. PLUTO
Hades
underworld
14. VENUS
Aphrodite love and beauty
venereal (disease)
15. VESTA
Hestia home and hearth/fire place
vestal
16. VULCAN
Hephaestus blacksmith/fire/metalworking
volcano
Notable Men of Ancient Rome
Subtest for the 2008 Exam (10 questions
from the below terms)
Romulus
1st King of Rome - founded it in 753BC; killed brother, Remus
Mars
god of war; father of Romulus & Remus with Rhea Silvia
Remus
twin brother of Romulus; killed after mocking the wall
lupa
Female Wolf/she wolf
rex/reges
King/Kings
Numa Pompilius
2nd King of Rome; married to goddess Egeria; a very peace loving king
lex/leges
law/laws
pax/paces
peace/peaces
Horatius
Republican Hero (after kings) who defended the Roman wooden bridge
(Pons Sublicius) against the Etruscans
miles/milites
soldier/soldiers
pons/pontes
bridge/bridges
Etruscans
an earlier people in northern Italy who fought the Romans for control of
Italy
Cincinnatus
Republican Hero appointed dictator to crush the Aedui tribe who attacked
Rome. He crushed the Aedui in 16 days and went back to his plow
instead of keeping the dictatorship for 6 months.
dictator
a person appointed in times of extreme state emergency with unlimited power for a maximum term of 6
months
agricola
a farmer
ager/agri
farm/farms
Julius Caesar
His rule ends the Roman Republic. Roman general, orator, statesman, writer, finally
'dictator for life' was murdered by a group of senators in front of
the Senate chambers of Pompey's
theater. March 15, 44BC (Ides of March)
Gallia
modern day France; Caesar spent 8 years in Gaul and subjugated all of Gaul
for the Roman Empire.
dictator
Caesar gets appointed "dictator for life" which makes him seem king-like
Brutus
One of Caesar's closest friends who is involved in Caesar's murder. In
Shakespeare's play 'Julius Caesar," at being stabbed by Brutus, Caesar
proclaims: "et tu Brute?" Even you Brutus?
Cicero
The greatest of
all Roman orator; compared to the Greek Demosthenes; prosecuted the
conspirator, Catiline.
orator
A person who delivers speeches
Catiline
He with some other disgruntled nobles in Rome conspired to overthrow the
government officials at the time in ancient Rome. Cicero prosecuted
the case. The other conspirators were put to death. Catiline
fled but was killed in battle.
Forum Romanum The
Roman Forum:
Constantine
imperator
Christianity
Byzantium/Constantinople
Entertainment
Subtest for the 2007 Exam (10 questions
from the below terms)
Gladiatorial Combat
amphitheatrum: a building used
for gladiatorial shows (a double theater from ambo, both)
arena/harena: the central floor
of the amphitheater which is covered with sand
bestiarius: a gladiator who
fights with animals
Colosseum: a huge amphitheater
in Rome; aka Roman Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater
gladiator: a person forced or hired to
fight at public games, usually a slave, criminal or prisoner of war
gladius: a sword
lanista: a man who maintains a school
for gladiators and provides their training
Ludus Magnus: a training school
for gladiators in Rome (ludi, plural of ludus were "the
games")
Morituri te salutamus: translated:
"We who are about to die salute you." Supposedly spoken by gladiators at the
beginning of a match to the emperor.
naumachia: a naval battle
exhibited as a spectacle
retiarius: a gladiator who fights
with a net and trident
spectator: a person who watches
the public games
venatio: a staged beast hunt
vomitoria: the many doorways and
exits at the Colosseum from which a large number of people could exit very
quickly
Types of Gladiators (enrichment)
Samnite: one of the earliest
types of gladiators; heavily armed with a large oblong shield, a lance or
gladius, a greave on the left leg, protective covering on the right arm and
a huge visored helmet.
Thracian: wore two
greaves, carried a scimitar and a small shield. Their helmets were
adorned with an ornamental griffin, a creature sacred to Nemesis, goddess of
revenge.
Mirmillo: wore a
visored, crested helmet inscribed with a sea-fish. He typically fought
barechested and without greaves on his legs. His arms, however, were
protected with quilted padding. He carried a large shield and a
dagger.
Retiarius: carried a
trident or harpoon, a dagger, and a net attached to a cord. His left
shoulder was protected by a leather or metal shoulder-piece.
Secutor: The armor of a
secutor was similar to the mirmillo, but it was streamlined to help him face
a retiarius. His helmet had no crest and instead of grillwork on the
visor, there were only two small eyeholes so that his face would be
protected from the prongs of the trident.
Bestiarius: a professional
beast-slayer. Sometimes a bestiarius would present a show with trained
animals, but more often, the beasts were released into the arena for a
venatio. Not only did venatores kill wild animals, but ostriches,
giraffes and deer were also killed.
Naumachiarius: A gladiator who
either rowed the battleship or took part in the actual battle.
Sometimes the battles were staged on artificial lakes and were re-enactments
of actual historical battles. Although probably not historically
accurate, they were extremely popular. Ships were equipped to ram one
another; a large number of gladiators, usually condemned criminals could
board the ships for hand-to-hand combat. A catapult might be stationed
on the shore to sink any ship that disengaged from the battle.
Chariot Racing
auriga: a charioteer
biga: a two-horse chariot
carceres: the starting gates for
chariots in the circus
Circus Maximus: the largest and most
famous racetrack in Rome.
factiones: the teams into which the
charioteers in the circus and their supporters were divided; they
represented teams by wearing the color of their team: reds, greens,
blues and whites.
meta: a turning post on the racetrack
quadriga: a four-horse chariot
spina: the barrier in the center of
the racetrack
Theater and the Performing Arts
actor: a person who performs on the
stage
cavea: the area in a theater where
the general audience sits
orchestra: a special place in the
front of the theater where the senators sit; sometimes this area becomes
part of the stage.
pantomine: a dramatic form that
involved masked dancers miming the action of a story about gods and
goddesses.
persona: 1: a mask or 2: the
role of an actor represented by a mask (a stock character)
Plautus: born in 254 BC, the first
Roman writer of comedy
scaena: the stage building
Terence: born in 185 BC, a famous
Roman writer of comedy
theatrum: a theater: famous
theaters: Theater of Pompey; Theater of Marcellus
Literature and the Visual Arts
fresco: a wall painting created
with water colors applied to wet plaster
mosaic: a design made by
inlaying small bits of colored stone, glass, or tile
Ovid: born in 43 BC, the Roman
poet who wrote Metamorphoses and Fasti
poeta: a poet
sculture: a three-dimensional figure
created by chiseling stone or casting bronze
tesserae: small cubes of stone, tile,
pottery or glass used to make a mosaic
Vergil: born in 70 BC, the
Roman poet, commissioned by Augustus to write The Aeneid.
versus: a line of poetry
Geographical Places
(Subtest for
2006)
Provinciae
Provinces
Aegyptus
Africa
Asia Minor
Britannia
Gallia
Germania
Graecia
Hispania
Italia
Judaea
Urbes:
Cities
Alexandria
Athenae
Byzantium
Carthago
Londinium
Roma
Troia
Jerusalem
Insulae
Islands
Creta
Delos
Sicilia
Mons/Montes
Mountains
Flumina
Rivers
Maria
Seas
SPECIAL HOUSE
TERMS (subtest from 2005)
1.
Alae literally, ‘wings’ here =
wings of a house. Imagines were kept there in niches.
2.
Arca locked box or safe which was
kept in the father’s study
3. Atrium
entry hall/reception area of a Roman house;
impluvium/compluvium located there,
perhaps a lectus (couch)
would be there
atrium
4. Compluvium
opening in the ceiling for sun and rainwater to
enter
5. Cubiculum
bedroom of a house. The lectus was used
as a bed. cubicle
6. Culina
Roman
kitchen
culinary
7. Ianua
door
January, janitor
8. Imagines
wax masks of ancestors, kept in the alae
and taken out for funerals. They would be worn by
actors who impersonated the dead ancestors.
9. Impluvium
basin located in atrium to catch rainwater from
compluvium
10. Lararium
household shrine for worshipping Lares
and Penates (household gods)
11. Latrina
Roman
bathroom
latrine
12. Lectus
furniture used as a couch, a bed and for
reclining at dinner
13. Pecunia
money, from the word ‘pecus’ meaning cattle (=of
early money was cattle)
14. Peristylium
colonnaded open courtyard; often there was a ‘hortus,’or
garden located there
15. Piscina
fish pond located in the peristylium
pisces
16. Taberna
shops located in the bottom level of an
insula/sometimes shares wall with a house
17. Tablinum
father’s study; wax tablets (tabulae) and
arca were kept there
18. Triclinium
dining room> tri=3 (couches) klino= to recline =
3 couches on which Romans reclined
while eating
19. Vestibulum
entry passage into the atrium from the ianua.
usually decorated
20. ancilla
female house slave, similar to a maid
21. cliens
the
dependent
client
22.
liberi Latin word for ‘children’
23. mater
Latin for ‘mother’
maternity, maternal
24. pater
Latin for ‘father’
paternity, paternal
25. servus
Latin for ‘slave’ (masculine)
servitude, servant
26. gustatio
the appetizer course, consisting usually of (shell)fish,
uncooked vegetables, eggs, lettuce
and mulsum (honeyed wine)
27. ientaculum
breakfast consisting usually of
cheese/raisins/olives and bread dipped in wine, mulsum
28. prandium
lunch consisting usually of cold foods such as
bread, salad, olives, cheese, fruits, nuts and
cold meats from a previous dinner (cena)
29. cena
the most common form of social entertainment in
ancient Rome; consists of fish, meat,
poultry, vegetables, wine in moderation
30. vinum
wine
vine, vinyard
31. secunda mensa
dessert, so called because slaves would bring in
a ‘second table’; usually consisted of pastry,
sweets, nuts, fruits, much wine
32. coquo, coquere
Latin verb meaning ‘to
cook’ terra cotta
33. dormio, dormire
Latin verb meaning ‘to
sleep’ dormitory,
dormant
34. edo, edere
Latin verb meaning ‘to
eat’ edible
35. ludo, ludere
Latin verb meaning ‘to
play’
36. saluto, salutare
Latin verb meaning ‘to
greet’ salute,
salutory
37. scribo,
scribere Latin verb meaning ‘to
write’ scribe,
scribble
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